Document Type
Article
Publication Date
4-1985
ISSN
1942-9886
Publisher
Vanderbilt University School of Law
Language
en-US
Abstract
Despite the encroachment of legislation on matters that used to lie within the province of the common law, considerable scope remains for the judicial practice of following precedent, without challenging the authority of written law. For decisions must still be rendered where legislation has not yet intervened, and interpretations of written law can be accorded precedential force.
Why should courts follow precedents? When past decisions are unobjectionable on their merits, the practice is relatively unproblematic. It might, perhaps, be justified by the usual argument that it makes judicial decisions more predictable. That justification hardly seems, however, to confront the fact that precedents may have been unfortunate, unwise, and unjust. Why should courts show any respect at all to such decisions?
This Article concerns an argument which, if sound, would support a doctrine of precedent with unlimited scope-one that would provide some justification, though not overwhelming justification, for following all precedents, however regrettable they may be. The argument holds that respect for precedent is required by the principle that like cases should be treated alike.
Although that argument is challenged here, no claim is made that a practice of precedent cannot be justified. The larger purpose of this Article is to clear the way for a systematic inquiry into the sound reasons for, as well as the legitimate scope of, such a practice.
The argument to be examined is sketched in section I. Section II takes up the notion of following precedent, to show both that it is not empty but also that it can be understood in more than one way. Section III considers one interpretation of the idea that like cases should be treated alike, as a "formal" principle, which leaves the doctrine of precedent unsupported. Section IV considers another interpretation of the idea, the requirement of moral consistency, which is inadequate to validate the argument, but for different reasons. Section V considers some other grounds for the practice of precedent.
Recommended Citation
David B. Lyons,
Formal Justice and Judicial Precedent
,
in
38
Vanderbilt Law Review
495
(1985).
Available at:
https://scholarship.law.bu.edu/faculty_scholarship/2823
Comments
An earlier version of this paper was published as Lyons, Formal Justice, Moral Commitment, and Judicial Precedent, 81 J. Philos. 580 (1984).